Buying an Energy-Efficient Home: What to look for at House Viewing

Saving energy in a home

Purchasing an energy-efficient home is an excellent way to lower energy bills, reduce carbon emissions, and enjoy a more comfortable living environment. With rising utility costs and a stronger push toward sustainability, more buyers are prioritising efficiency when searching for a property. Knowing what to look during viewing can help ensure that your new home is designed to consume less energy while maintaining comfort and functionality. Check costs of what energy improvements you may want to make before buying and you may be able to use these during price negotiation.

Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) Rating

One of the first things to check when buying an energy-efficient home is the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). The EPC provides a rating from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient), offering insight into the property’s overall efficiency. A high EPC rating suggests lower energy consumption and reduced running costs. Additionally, the report outlines recommended improvements for further energy savings.

High-Quality Insulation

Good insulation is fundamental to an energy-efficient home. Look for properties with:

1. Loft insulation of at least 270mm, which significantly reduces heat loss.
2. Cavity wall insulation for homes built after the 1920s, or solid wall insulation for older properties.
3. Underfloor insulation, especially in older buildings with suspended floors, to prevent heat escaping through the ground. Air bricks near ground level could indicate a raised timber floor which may not be insulated - check with seller.
4. Internal and external wall insulation, particularly in solid-walled homes, to improve thermal efficiency.
5. Pipe and tank insulation, which helps maintain water temperature and reduces wasted heat.

Double or Triple Glazing

Windows play a crucial role in a home’s energy efficiency. Modern properties should have double or triple glazing, which reduces heat loss, enhances soundproofing, and minimises draughts. Check for cracks or condensation in double glazing which indicates 'blown' windows taht need to be replaced.

If looking at an older home, check whether the windows have been upgraded or if secondary glazing has been installed as an alternative solution. Also, consider the presence of low-emissivity (Low-E) coatings, which help reflect heat back into the home.

Efficient Heating System

A well-designed heating system ensures comfort without excessive energy consumption. Look for homes with:

1. Condensing boilers, which operate with over 90% efficiency.
2. Underfloor heating, which distributes heat evenly and reduces reliance on radiators.
3. Smart thermostats that allow better temperature control and reduce wasted energy.
4. Zoned heating systems, which allow different areas of the house to be heated separately, increasing efficiency.
5. Programmable radiator valves, which regulate temperature in individual rooms to avoid overheating.

Renewable Energy Integration

A truly energy-efficient home often incorporates renewable energy sources. Some key features to look for include:

1. Solar panels, which generate electricity and reduce dependency on the grid.
2. Solar water heating systems, which use the sun’s energy to heat water and lower gas or electricity usage.
3. Air-source or ground-source heat pumps, which extract heat from the air or ground to provide efficient heating and hot water.
4. Biomass boilers, which use organic materials such as wood pellets as a low-carbon heating option.

Before you buy a house..

Get quotes for all your services (Home Buyers Checklist for utilities) and see what you save by considering long term investment in an energy efficient home.

Ventilation and Air Tightness

An energy-efficient home should retain heat while maintaining good indoor air quality. Look for:

1. Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR) systems, which extract stale air while recovering heat to warm incoming fresh air.
2. Draught-proofing measures, such as sealed gaps around doors and windows, to prevent heat loss.
3. Well-sealed construction, as air leaks increase heating demand and reduce overall efficiency.
4. Trickle vents that provide controlled ventilation without excessive heat loss.

Smart Energy Management Systems

Modern homes often feature smart energy solutions that help optimise electricity and heating usage. These include:

1. Smart meters, which provide real-time energy consumption data.
2. Automated lighting, such as motion-sensor LED lights.
3. Smart plugs and power strips, which reduce standby power consumption.
4. Home energy management systems (HEMS), which integrate various smart devices for improved control over energy use.
5. Demand response technology, which optimises electricity use based on peak and off-peak hours.

Water Efficiency Features

Reducing water usage also contributes to an energy-efficient home. Look for features such as:

1. Dual-flush toilets, which use less water per flush.
2. Aerated taps and showerheads, which maintain pressure while reducing water flow.
3. Rainwater harvesting systems, which collect rainwater for non-drinking purposes such as watering gardens or flushing toilets.
4. Greywater recycling systems, which treat and reuse water from baths, showers, and sinks for secondary uses.
5. Efficient hot water cylinders, which reduce energy consumption by maintaining water temperature longer.

Thermal Mass and Passive Solar Design

The way a home is designed can greatly impact energy efficiency. Thermal mass materials, such as brick and concrete, absorb and store heat, keeping homes warmer in winter and cooler in summer. Passive solar design, including south-facing windows and strategically placed shading, reduces the need for artificial heating and cooling. Also, consider overhangs, awnings, and shutters, which help control solar gain.

Location and Orientation

The position of a property influences its energy consumption. Consider:

1. South-facing homes, which receive more natural sunlight and reduce heating costs.
2. Sheltered locations, which provide natural protection from cold winds.
3. Proximity to public transport, reducing the need for car travel and associated fuel costs.
4. Access to cycling and walking paths, promoting low-carbon commuting.
5. Surrounding landscape, such as trees and hedges, which offer wind protection and shading.

Low-Carbon Building Materials

If buying a newly built home, check whether it has been constructed with sustainable materials. Some key indicators include:

1. Timber from sustainable sources, which has a lower carbon footprint than traditional materials.
2. Recycled insulation materials, such as sheep’s wool or cellulose fibre.
3. Lime-based mortar and paints, which allow walls to breathe and improve air quality.
4. Hempcrete and rammed earth walls, which provide high thermal efficiency.
5. Reclaimed bricks and stone, reducing the environmental impact of new materials.

Energy-Efficient Appliances

Even with good insulation and heating systems, inefficient appliances can increase energy consumption. Look for homes with:

1. A-rated kitchen appliances, such as fridges, ovens, and washing machines.
2. Induction hobs, which use less energy than conventional electric or gas hobs.
3. Low-energy tumble dryers, such as heat pump models, which consume up to 50% less electricity.
4. Eco-friendly dishwashers, which use minimal water and electricity.
5. Efficient ceiling fans, which improve air circulation and reduce heating and cooling demands.

Battery Storage Systems

Some energy-efficient homes now include battery storage systems that store excess solar energy for later use. These systems help maximise self-generated electricity, further reducing reliance on grid power. Consider homes with lithium-ion or flow batteries, which provide longer lifespans and greater efficiency.

Green Roofs and Living Walls

For an added sustainability boost, consider homes with green roofs or living walls. These features provide insulation, improve air quality, and support local biodiversity while regulating indoor temperatures. Permeable driveways can also help reduce water runoff and improve drainage.

Access to Energy Grants and Incentives

Some properties may qualify for energy efficiency grants or incentives which regularly change (Councils, energy companies and the Energy Savings Trust ). Check whether the home is eligible for:

1. Grants for heat pump installation.
2. Home insulation upgrades.
3. Feed-in Tariffs (FiT) or Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) for solar panel owners selling excess electricity to the grid.
4. Eco-friendly home improvements.